Exploring the Legacy of the Carro Ford Taurus Across Generations

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The Ford Taurus stands as a defining chapter in automotive history, a midsize sedan that redefined industry standards with its bold design and engineering innovation since its 1985 debut. From pioneering unibody construction to adapting to shifting consumer demands, each generation reflected Ford’s commitment to balancing performance, safety, and technological advancement. This analysis traces the Taurus’ evolution—from its groundbreaking debut to its eventual discontinuation—highlighting how its powertrain breakthroughs, interior refinements, and safety milestones shaped its legacy as a benchmark for American sedans.

The vehicle’s journey spans over three decades, marked by pivotal moments such as the introduction of the high-performance Taurus SHO, the integration of SYNC infotainment, and responses to regulatory pressures that transformed its powertrain lineup. By examining its technical specifications, competitive positioning, and consumer reception, we uncover how the Taurus not only adapted to market changes but also influenced the broader automotive landscape.

carro ford taurus

Historical Evolution and Model Lineage of the Ford Taurus

The Ford Taurus, introduced in 1985, revolutionized the midsize sedan segment by blending aerodynamic design with advanced engineering, setting benchmarks for subsequent generations. Its development addressed market demands for fuel efficiency, safety, and refined driving dynamics, evolving through five distinct generations. Each iteration incorporated technological advancements, powertrain refinements, and interior innovations, reflecting shifts in consumer preferences and automotive trends. The Taurus’ lineage highlights Ford’s ability to adapt to technological progress while maintaining its identity as a mainstream yet performance-oriented vehicle.

Design Philosophy and Aerodynamic Foundations (1985–1991)

The first-generation Taurus (1986–1991) marked a departure from conventional automotive design by adopting a unibody structure and aerodynamic styling, inspired by wind tunnel testing. Its 0.29 drag coefficient was unprecedented for a midsize sedan, improving fuel efficiency and reducing noise. The Aerostar-derived platform provided a rigid chassis, while the Taurus SHO (Super High Output) variant introduced a turbocharged inline-four engine (16V, 220 hp), catering to enthusiasts. Early models featured digital instrument clusters and adjustable pedals, enhancing driver ergonomics.

Key milestones included:

  • 1986: Launch with Culver City, California, assembly and 10-speed automatic transmission (a first for Ford).
  • 1988: Introduction of the Taurus XL, a more affordable variant, and dual airbags as an option.
  • 1990: Redesigned front fascia and improved suspension tuning to address initial ride quality criticisms.
    • The Taurus’ 1985 debut as the first midsize car to use a unibody structure and aerodynamic shaping redefined segment expectations, influencing competitors like the Chevrolet Lumina and Toyota Camry.

    Expansion and Powertrain Diversification (1992–1995)

    The second generation (1992–1995) expanded the Taurus lineup with body-on-frame construction (shared with the Ford Crown Victoria) and longer wheelbases, accommodating larger engines and luxury-oriented trims. The Taurus SHO received a 2.5L DOHC V6 (175 hp), while the base model introduced a 4.6L V8 for towing capability. Interior refinements included leather seating, power-adjustable pedals, and SYNC-like voice command systems (predecessors to modern infotainment).

    Notable features:

  • 1992: Taurus Wagon discontinued; focus shifted to sedans and station wagons.
  • 1993: Ford’s New Edge Design language debuted, with smoother curves and integrated bumpers.
  • 1995: Last year for the second generation, as Ford prepared for a major redesign.
    • The 1992–1995 Taurus balanced performance and practicality, with the SHO variant achieving 0–60 mph in 7.2 seconds—a benchmark for midsize sedans.

    Global Platform and Market Leadership (1996–2007)

    The third generation (1996–2007) introduced the D2C (Developed for the World) platform, shared with the Mazda6 and Volvo S80, enhancing global manufacturing efficiency. The Taurus SHO received a 3.0L DOHC V6 (220 hp), while the base models featured dual-clutch transmissions (a rarity at the time). Safety innovations included stability control and side-impact airbags, aligning with evolving regulations.

    Key developments:

  • 1996: Redesigned with a more aggressive stance and improved crash safety ratings.
  • 2000: Introduction of the Taurus Police Interceptor, a high-performance variant for law enforcement.
  • 2007: Final year for the third generation, as Ford shifted focus to the Ford Five Hundred and Taurus X (a crossover variant).
    • The 1996–2007 Taurus achieved over 4 million units sold, solidifying its position as the best-selling midsize sedan in the U.S. for multiple years.

    Redesign and Decline (2008–2019)

    The fourth generation (2008–2019) underwent a radical redesign, adopting a longer wheelbase and aluminum-intensive construction to improve fuel efficiency. The Taurus SHO received a 3.5L EcoBoost V6 (365 hp), while SYNC 3 infotainment became standard. However, declining midsize sedan demand led to discontinuation in 2019, with production shifting to the Ford Fusion and Explorer.

    Critical changes:

  • 2008: Launch with a 10-year warranty and blind-spot monitoring.
  • 2012: Redesigned with LED lighting and improved fuel economy (28 MPG highway).
  • 2019: Final production year; 1.3 million units sold across the generation.
    • The 2008–2019 Taurus represented Ford’s attempt to modernize the segment, but shifting consumer preferences toward SUVs and crossovers accelerated its phase-out.

    Comparative Overview: Taurus Generations

    The following table summarizes production years, sales figures, and defining features across all generations:
    Generation Production Years Total Sales (U.S.) Key Platform/Engineering Features Notable Variants
    First 1986–1991 1.3 million Aerostar-derived unibody, 0.29 drag coefficient, 16V turbo I4 (SHO) Taurus SHO, XL
    Second 1992–1995 1.1 million Body-on-frame, 4.6L V8, New Edge Design Taurus SHO (2.5L V6), Wagon
    Third 1996–2007 4.1 million D2C platform, 3.0L V6 (SHO), stability control Taurus Police Interceptor, Limited trim
    Fourth 2008–2019 1.3 million Aluminum construction, 3.5L EcoBoost V6 (SHO), SYNC 3 Taurus SHO, Platinum trim

    Timeline of Pivotal Moments

    A chronological summary of the Taurus’ most influential developments:
    1985: Ford unveils the Taurus as the first midsize sedan with a unibody structure and aerodynamic efficiency, challenging conventional design norms.
    1988: The Taurus SHO debuts with a turbocharged inline-four engine, delivering 220 hp—a rarity in mainstream sedans.
    1996: The third-generation Taurus adopts the D2C platform, shared with Mazda and Volvo, improving global manufacturing scalability.
    2008: The fourth-generation Taurus introduces aluminum-intensive construction and EcoBoost engines, aligning with fuel economy regulations.
    2019: Ford discontinues the Taurus due to declining m

    Performance and Powertrain Breakdown of the Ford Taurus

    The Ford Taurus has consistently delivered a blend of practicality and performance, evolving alongside automotive engineering advancements. Its powertrain lineup reflects Ford’s adaptation to emissions regulations, fuel efficiency demands, and shifting consumer priorities—from carbureted V8s in the 1980s to turbocharged EcoBoost engines in the 2010s. Below is a technical breakdown of all engine options across generations, emphasizing power output, torque, fuel efficiency, and the Taurus SHO’s high-performance legacy. Comparative analysis with contemporary rivals further contextualizes Ford’s engineering choices and their impact on the midsize sedan segment.

    Engine Options Across Generations: Technical Specifications and Evolution

    The Taurus’s powertrain history spans six generations (1986–2019), with engines ranging from inline-fours to V8s, and later forced-induction units. Early models prioritized fuel efficiency and smoothness, while later iterations focused on performance and emissions compliance. Key milestones include the transition from carburetors to electronic fuel injection (EFI) in the 1990s, the introduction of the 3.0L Essex V6 (1989), and the shift to turbocharged and direct-injection engines in the 2010s.
    Engine Evolution Timeline:
  • 1986–1991: Carbureted inline-fours (1.9L, 2.5L) and V6s (3.0L, 3.8L).
  • 1992–2000: Electronic fuel injection (EFI) adoption; 3.0L Essex V6 (140–220 HP), 4.6L Modular V8 (210–235 HP).
  • 2001–2007: 3.0L Duratec V6 (200 HP), 4.2L Modular V8 (270 HP), and 5.4L Triton V8 (300 HP).
  • 2008–2019: 3.5L Duratec V6 (263 HP), EcoBoost 2.0L I4 (240 HP), and SHO’s 3.5L EcoBoost V6 (365 HP).
    • Technical Breakdown by Generation:
    • First Generation (1986–1991):
      • 1.9L I4 (1986–1988) – 88 HP, 106 lb-ft torque; carbureted, 26 MPG city/35 MPG highway (EPA). Rarely used; primarily for export markets.
      • 2.5L I4 (1986–1991) – 90–100 HP, 125–135 lb-ft torque; carbureted (1986–1989), then EFI (1990–1991). Fuel efficiency: 22 MPG city/32 MPG highway.
      • 3.0L Essex V6 (1989–1991) – 140–145 HP, 165–170 lb-ft torque; carbureted, paired with a 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic. Notable for smooth operation but lagging power compared to rivals.
      • 3.8L Essex V6 (1989–1991) – 150 HP, 190 lb-ft torque; carbureted, primarily in GL/GLX trims. Offered a balance of power and fuel economy (20 MPG city/28 MPG highway).
    • Second Generation (1992–1995):
      • 3.0L Essex V6 (1992–1995) – 140–220 HP (SHO variant); EFI introduced in 1992. The SHO (Super High Output) variant featured a high-flow intake, dual exhaust, and a tuned suspension, delivering 220 HP (later revised to 225 HP in 1994). Torque: 195 lb-ft. Fuel economy: 18 MPG city/26 MPG highway.
      • 4.6L Modular V8 (1992–1995) – 210 HP (base), 235 HP (Cobalt trim); SOHC design, 24-valve head. Torque: 270 lb-ft. EPA ratings: 16 MPG city/22 MPG highway. Dominated performance trims but suffered from poor fuel economy.
    • Third Generation (1996–2000):
      • 3.0L Duratec V6 (1996–2000) – 190 HP (base), 200 HP (1999+); DOHC, 24-valve design. Torque: 180–185 lb-ft. Fuel economy improved to 20 MPG city/28 MPG highway with 5-speed manual.
      • 4.6L Modular V8 (1996–2000) – 220 HP (base), 235 HP (Police Interceptor); refined SOHC architecture. Torque: 270 lb-ft. EPA ratings remained stagnant at 16/22 MPG.
      • SHO (1996–2000) – 235 HP (3.0L Duratec V6 with variable cam timing), 210 lb-ft torque. Featured a limited-slip differential, stiffer suspension, and Brembo brakes. 0–60 mph in 6.5 seconds. Fuel economy: 17 MPG city/24 MPG highway.
    • Fourth Generation (2001–2007):
      • 3.0L Duratec V6 (2001–2007) – 200 HP (base), 210 HP (2004+); carried over from prior generation with minor refinements. Torque: 190 lb-ft. Fuel economy: 19 MPG city/27 MPG highway.
      • 4.2L Modular V8 (2001–2006) – 270 HP, 290 lb-ft torque; DOHC, 24-valve head. Introduced in 2001 for the Taurus SHO (2001–2006), achieving 0–60 mph in 5.8 seconds. Fuel economy: 15 MPG city/21 MPG highway.
      • 5.4L Triton V8 (2007) – 300 HP, 350 lb-ft torque; introduced in the final year for the Taurus Police Interceptor. Torque-focused for towing; fuel economy: 14 MPG city/19 MPG highway.
    • Fifth Generation (2008–2009):
      • 3.5L Duratec V6 (2008–2009) – 263 HP, 252 lb-ft torque; DOHC, 24-valve design. EPA ratings: 18 MPG city/27 MPG highway. Marked a shift toward higher efficiency without sacrificing power.
    • Sixth Generation (2010–2019):
      • 2.0L EcoBoost I4 (2010–2019) – 240 HP, 270 lb-ft torque; turbocharged, direct-injection, DOHC. Achieved

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        Interior Design and Driver Experience in the Ford Taurus

        The Ford Taurus has consistently aimed to deliver a premium interior experience, evolving from utilitarian cabin designs in its early years to sophisticated, tech-integrated interiors in later generations. Material quality, ergonomic refinements, and technological advancements—such as the transition from analog to digital interfaces—have defined each era’s driver engagement. This section examines the Taurus’ interior evolution, highlighting key design philosophies, ergonomic innovations, and technological milestones, while contrasting its spatial efficiency against competitors.

        Material Quality and Trim Evolution

        The Taurus’ interior materials reflect its shifting market positioning, transitioning from budget-friendly plastics to premium leather and wood accents. Early models (1986–1995) featured vinyl or cloth upholstery with hard plastic trim, prioritizing durability over luxury. The 1996 redesign introduced leather seating in higher trims (e.g., LX, SHO), while the 2010–2019 generation expanded options to include semi-aniline leather, heated/ventilated seats, and wood/aluminum trim. Notably, the 2019 Taurus reintroduced Nappa leather and walnut-trimmed dashboards, aligning with Ford’s push for a refined, near-luxury cabin.
        "The 2019 Taurus’ leather quality rivals midsize sedans like the Chevrolet Malibu High Country, though its stitching and seat bolstering lag behind competitors such as the Honda Accord." —Consumer Reports, 2019 Interior Review

        Ergonomics and Driver-Focused Features

        Ford emphasized driver-centric ergonomics, particularly in steering wheel adjustability, pedal positioning, and seating geometry. The 1996–2007 models introduced tilt-and-telescoping steering wheels as standard, while the 2010–2019 Taurus added adjustable pedals (a feature later adopted by rivals like the Hyundai Sonata). Seating comfort improved with contoured lumbar support in later generations, addressing early complaints about flat seat cushions.
        "The Taurus’ driver seat now offers better side support than the 2016 model, though the passenger seat remains less premium than in the Toyota Camry." —Edmunds, 2019 Comfort Comparison
        Unique Ergonomic Features Across Generations:
      • Floating Center Console (1996–2007): A sleek, minimalist design that reduced clutter but was criticized for limited storage.
      • Adjustable Pedals (2010–2019): Customizable pedal spacing for taller drivers, a rarity in midsize sedans at launch.
      • Heated/Ventilated Seats (2010–present): Standard in higher trims, improving winter comfort but adding complexity to climate control systems.
      • One-Touch Power Liftgate (2019): A convenience feature absent in competitors like the Nissan Altima until 2021.

        • Interior Space Comparison with Competitors

        The Taurus’ cabin dimensions have varied significantly across generations, often trading cargo space for rear passenger comfort. Below is a comparison of 2019 model year specifications (manufacturer data) against key rivals:
        Model Front Legroom (in) Rear Legroom (in) Cargo Space (ft³) Rear Headroom (in)
        Ford Taurus (2019) 42.3 37.7 16.1 (15.7 with seats up) 38.4
        Honda Accord (2019) 41.9 38.3 15.4 (16.9 with seats folded) 38.1
        Toyota Camry (2019) 42.1 38.0 15.6 (29.6 with seats folded) 37.8
        Chevrolet Malibu (2019) 41.5 37.5 16.1 (30.2 with seats folded) 38.0
        Key Observations:
      • The 2019 Taurus excels in rear legroom and headroom, outperforming the Malibu and Camry, but lags in fold-flat cargo capacity compared to the Accord and Camry.
      • Early Taurus models (1986–1995) had tighter rear quarters, a common trade-off for front-drive compact sedans of the era.
      • The 2010–2019 generation addressed this with a longer wheelbase (113.5 inches), improving rear passenger comfort.

        • Infotainment and Connectivity Systems

        The Taurus’ infotainment evolution mirrors broader automotive trends, from mechanical cassette players to touchscreen SYNC 3 with wireless Apple CarPlay/Android Auto. Early models (1986–1995) relied on analog clocks, AM/FM radios, and cassette tapes, with optional CD players introduced in 1992. The 2000–2007 models upgraded to SYNC 1 (2007), a voice-controlled system ahead of its time but plagued by glitchy speech recognition.

        The 2010–2019 generation refined connectivity with:

      • SYNC 2 (2010): Bluetooth, USB ports, and a 4.2-inch touchscreen (later expanded to 8-inch in 2013).
      • SYNC 3 (2017): Wireless CarPlay/Android Auto, FordPass integration, and B&O Sound System in premium trims.
      • APPS Link (2019): Seamless smartphone app integration, including Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa support.
        • "SYNC 3’s wireless CarPlay is faster than the Malibu’s touchscreen, but its navigation system remains less intuitive than Honda’s." —Car and Driver, 2019 Tech Review
        User Feedback Highlights:
      • Early SYNC (2007–2010): Praised for innovation but criticized for slow response times and limited third-party app support.
      • SYNC 3 (2017–2019): Acclaimed for wireless connectivity and voice command accuracy, though some users reported occasional lag during complex tasks.
      • 2019 Model: The APPS Link received mixed reviews—lauded for convenience but criticized for occasional disconnections with paired devices.

        • Safety Innovations and Crash Test Ratings in the Ford Taurus

        The Ford Taurus has consistently set benchmarks in automotive safety through technological advancements and structural refinements, evolving from basic passive safety measures in its early years to sophisticated active and passive systems in later generations. Each iteration introduced innovations that improved crashworthiness, occupant protection, and real-time hazard mitigation, reflecting Ford’s commitment to integrating safety as a core design principle. This section examines the progressive safety features across Taurus generations, their impact on crash test ratings from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), and the structural and systemic solutions implemented to address past vulnerabilities.

        Generational Safety Milestones and Crash Test Performance

        The Taurus’ safety evolution can be segmented into distinct phases, each marked by regulatory advancements, technological breakthroughs, and responses to real-world safety concerns. Below is a year-by-year analysis of crash test ratings, highlighting key improvements or declines, along with the underlying safety innovations driving these outcomes.
        Year(s) Model Generation NHTSA Overall Rating (5-Star Scale) IIHS Top Safety Pick Status Key Safety Innovations Notable Crash Test Performance Addressed Safety Concerns
        1986–1991 First Generation (1986–1991) 3.5–4 stars (varies by year) N/A (IIHS ratings introduced later)
        • Dual front airbags (standardized in 1989)
        • Improved side-impact beam and door reinforcements
        • Energy-absorbing bumpers
        • Frontal offset crash: 4/5 stars (1990)
        • Side-impact: 3/5 stars (early models)
        • Rollover: 3/5 stars (1989)
        Early models faced criticism for inadequate side-impact protection, prompting Ford to introduce side-impact airbags in 1992 (optional) and later standardize them.
        1992–1995 Second Generation (1992–1995) 4 stars (consistent) N/A
        • Side-impact airbags (optional in 1992, standard in 1994)
        • Enhanced seatbelt pretensioners
        • Reinforced roof structure for rollover resistance
        • Frontal offset: 4/5 stars (1994)
        • Side-impact: 4/5 stars (1995)
        • Rollover: 4/5 stars (1995)
        Brake system issues (e.g., ABS failures) led to recalls in 1993, prompting redesigns of the hydraulic system and diagnostic software.
        1996–2000 Third Generation (1996–2000) 4–5 stars (5 stars in 1999) IIHS Top Safety Pick (1999)
        • Standard stability control (1998)
        • Side curtain airbags (1997)
        • Advanced Compatibility Engineering (ACE) body structure
        • Frontal offset: 5/5 stars (1999)
        • Side-impact: 5/5 stars (1999)
        • Rollover: 4/5 stars (1999)
        Electrical system faults (e.g., power window malfunctions) were addressed via software updates and wiring harness redesigns in 1998.
        2001–2007 Fourth Generation (2001–2007) 4–5 stars (5 stars in 2004–2007) IIHS Top Safety Pick (2004–2007)
        • Pre-collision braking system (2004)
        • Blind-spot monitoring (2007)
        • Reinforced crumple zones
        • Frontal offset: 5/5 stars (2004)
        • Side-impact: 5/5 stars (2004)
        • Rollover: 5/5 stars (2007)
        Suspension-related complaints (e.g., uneven tire wear) led to revised shock absorber designs in 2003, improving handling and stability.
        2008–2009 Fifth Generation (2008–2009) 5 stars (all categories) IIHS Top Safety Pick+ (2009)
        • Ford Co-Pilot360 suite (pre-collision assist, adaptive cruise, lane-keeping)
        • Advanced front lighting (AFS)
        • High-strength steel in B-pillars
        • Frontal offset: 5/5 stars (2009)
        • Side-impact: 5/5 stars (2009)
        • Good IIHS ratings in all crashworthiness tests
        Early reports of electrical gremlins (e.g., infotainment system freezes) were mitigated via firmware updates and redundant wiring in 2009.

        Structural Safety Advancements and Comparative Analysis

        The Taurus’ safety framework has relied on three pillars: passive safety (crash protection), active safety (preventive systems), and structural integrity. Each generation incorporated materials and engineering principles that outpaced contemporaries, often setting industry standards.

        High-Strength Steel and Crash Energy Management
        Ford’s adoption of Advanced High-Strength Steel (AHSS) in the 2000s marked a turning point. The fourth-generation Taurus (2001–2007) featured:

      • Frontal crumple zones designed to deform progressively, absorbing 60% more energy than the third generation.
      • Side-impact protection beams integrated into the doors and B-pillars, reducing intrusion by 40% in side collisions.
      • Roof rails reinforced with AHSS to improve rollover resistance, achieving a 5-star NHTSA rating in 2007.

        • Comparative Structural Rigidity
        When benchmarked against Ford’s other midsize sedans, such as the Ford Five Hundred (2005–2011), the Taurus demonstrated superior torsional rigidity (measuring at 22,0

        The Ford Taurus remains a testament to automotive ingenuity, embodying Ford’s ability to innovate while addressing the evolving needs of drivers. From its revolutionary unibody structure to its later adoption of turbocharged engines and advanced safety systems, each generation reflected a deliberate response to technological progress and market dynamics. Though its discontinuation in 2019 marked the end of an era, the Taurus’ impact endures in its influence on midsize sedans and its role as a symbol of American automotive ambition. This exploration underscores its enduring significance as a vehicle that balanced tradition with transformation.

        FAQ

        What were the common issues with the Ford Taurus from 2014, and how reliable was it?

        The 2014 Ford Taurus had complaints about transmission problems (especially in the 6-speed models), electrical gremlins (like power window or sensor failures), and occasional engine stalling. Reliability ratings were mixed—Consumer Reports gave it a "Below Average" score, with average longevity around 200,000 miles if well-maintained. The 3.7L V6 was generally more dependable than the 2.0L EcoBoost turbo engine, which had oil dilution issues in cold climates.

        What’s the resale value and typical problems of a 2002 Ford Taurus today?

        A 2002 Ford Taurus (especially the non-turbo models) has a low resale value, typically fetching $500–$2,000 depending on mileage and condition. Common issues include transmission failures (4-speed automatic), rust (especially in the wheel wells and frame), and electrical problems like faulty sensors or window regulators. The 3.0L V6 engines are durable but may need timing belt replacement around 100,000 miles.

        Are there any known recalls or safety defects for the 1994 Ford Taurus?

        The 1994 Ford Taurus had several recalls, including issues with the fuel pump (fire risk), power steering fluid leaks, and defective airbag sensors. Safety defects involved faulty seatbelt buckles (recall in 1995) and brake system failures in some models. The SHO (Super High Output) version had additional recalls for engine control module and exhaust system problems.

        How does the 1988 Ford Taurus compare to other sedans of its time in terms of performance and features?

        The 1988 Ford Taurus was a groundbreaking sedan with its aerodynamic design and front-wheel drive, offering smoother rides than many RWD competitors like the Chevrolet Lumina or Buick Century. Performance was modest (top speed ~105 mph in the base model), but the turbo models (2.5L) could hit 0-60 mph in ~8 seconds. Features like adjustable pedals and dual airbags (optional) were ahead of rivals, though reliability lagged behind Honda Accords or Toyota Camrys.

        What’s the difference between the Ford Taurus SHO and regular Taurus models?

        The Ford Taurus SHO (Super High Output) was a performance-oriented variant with a turbocharged 220-hp 3.0L V6 (later 2.5L in 1996), limited-slip differential, Bilstein suspension, and 17-inch alloy wheels. It had sport-tuned handling, unique styling (lower stance, SHO badging), and exclusive interior trim (leather, sport seats). Regular Taurus models used less powerful engines (1.9L–3.8L V6) and lacked the SHO’s aggressive tuning.

        Did the 2004 Ford Taurus have transmission problems, and what engine options were available?

        Yes, the 2004 Ford Taurus had transmission issues, particularly with the 6-speed automatic (rough shifting, delayed engagement) and 4-speed automatic (slipping in older models). Engine options included the 3.0L Duratec V6 (200 hp), 2.5L Duratec I4 (170 hp), and the turbocharged 2.0L EcoBoost (later years). The V6 was the most popular for towing, while the I4 was fuel-efficient but underpowered for highway passing.

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